| In the section | Articles |
| Title of the article | Drivers, Constraints and Trade-Offs Associated with Recultivating Abandoned Cropland in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan |
| Pages | 55-103 |
| Author 1 | Patrick Meyfroidt Georges Lemaitre Earth and Climate Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique F.R.S. - FNRS 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; 1000 Brussels, Belgium This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
| Author 2 | Florian Schierhorn Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO); ; Geography Department, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; ; Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
| Author 3 | Alexander Vladimirovich Prishchepov Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources Management, University of Copenhagen; Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO);Institute of Steppe of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS) Oster Voldgade 10, 1350 Kobenhavn K, Denmark; Theodor- Lieser-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Pionerskaya str. 11, 460000 Orenburg, Russia. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
| Author 4 | Daniel Muller Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO); Geography Department, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin; Institute of Steppe of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS) Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Pionerskaya str. 11, 460000 Orenburg, Russia This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
| Author 5 | Tobias Kuemmerle Geography Department, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin;Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human - Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
| Abstract | Further cropland expansion might be unavoidable to satisfy the growing demand for land- based products and ecosystem services. A crucial issue is thus to assess the trade-offs between social and ecological impacts and the benefits of converting additional land to cropland. In the former Soviet Union countries, where the transition from state-command to market-driven economies resulted in widespread agricultural land abandonment, cropland expansion may incur relatively low costs, especially compared with tropical regions. Our objectives were to quantify the drivers, constraints and trade-offs associated with recultivating abandoned cropland to assess the potentially available cropland in European Russia, western Siberia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan - the region where the vast majority of post- Soviet cropland abandonment took place. Using spatial panel regressions, we characterized the socio-economic determinants of cropland abandonment and recultivation. We then used recent maps of changes in cropland to 1) spatially characterize the socio-economic, accessibility and soil constraints associated with the recultivation of abandoned croplands and 2) investigate the environmental trade-offs regarding carbon stocks and habitat for biodiversity. Less cropland abandonment and more recultivation after 2000 occurred in areas with an increasing rural population and a younger labor force, but also improved yields. Synergies were observed between cropland recultivation and intensification over the 2000s. From 47.3 million hectares (Mha) of cropland abandoned in 2009, we identified only 8.5 (7.1-17.4) Mha of potentially available cropland with low environmental tradeoffs and low to moderate socio-economic or accessibility constraints that were located on high-quality soils (Chernozems). These areas represented an annual wheat production potential of 14.3 (9.6-19.5) million tons (Mt). Conversely, 8.5 (4.2-12.4) Mha had high carbon or biodiversity trade-offs, of which 10% might be attractive for cropland expansion and thus would require protection from recultivation. Agroenvironmental, accessibility, and socio-economic constraints suggested that the remaining 30.6 (25.7-30.6) Mha of abandoned croplands were unlikely to provide important contributions to future crop production at current wheat prices but could provide various ecosystem services, and some could support extensive livestock production. Political and institutional support could foster recultivation by supporting investments in agriculture and rural demographic revitalization. Reclaiming potentially available cropland in the study region could provide a notable contribution to global grain production, with relatively low environmental trade-offs compared with tropical frontiers, but is not a panacea to address global issues of food security or reduce land-use pressure on tropical ecosystems. |
| Code | 332.3+338.4+631.1 |
| DOI | 10.14530/se.2016.2.055-103 |
| Keywords | Land use ♦ Cropland reclamation ♦ Rewilding ♦ Food production ♦ Carbon ♦ Biodiversity |
| Download | SE.2016.2.055-103.Meyfroidt.pdf |
| For citation | Meyfroidt P., Schierhorn F., Prishchepov A.V., Muller D., Kuemmerle T. Drivers, Constraints and Trade-Offs Associated with Recultivating Abandoned Cropland in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika = Spatial Economics, 2016, no. 2, pp. 55-103. DOI: 10.14530/se.2016.2.055-103. (In Russian). |
| References | 1. Afonin A.N., Greene S.L., Dzyubenko N.I., Frolov A.N. (Eds). Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Economic Plants and their Diseases, Pests and Weeds, 2008. Available at: http://www.agroatlas.ru (accessed March 2016). 2. Alexandratos N., Bruinsma J. World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision. ESA. Working Paper No. 12-03, 2012, 160 p. 3. Baltagi B.H., Song S.H., Koh W. Testing Panel Data Regression Models with Spatial Error Correlation. Journal of Econometrics, 2003, vol. 117, issue 1, pp. 123–150. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00120-9 4. Baumann M., Kuemmerle T., Elbakidze M., Ozdogan M., Radeloff V.C., Keuler N.S., Prishchepov A.V., Kruhlov I., Hostert P. Patterns and Drivers of Post-Socialist Farmland Abandonment in Western Ukraine. Land Use Policy, 2011, vol. 28, issue 3, pp. 552–562. DOI:10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.11.003. 5. Baumann M., Radeloff V.C., Avedian V., Kuemmerle T. Land-Use Change in the Caucasus During and After the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Regional Environmental Change, 2015, vol. 15, issue 8, pp. 1703–1716. DOI: 10.1007/s10113-014-0728-3 6. Borras Jr.S.M., Hall R., Scoones I., White B., Wolford W. Towards a better Understanding of Global Land Grabbing: An Editorial Introduction. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2011, vol. 38, issue 2, pp. 209–216. DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2011.559005 7. Bragina E.V., Ives A.R., Pidgeon A.M., Kuemmerle T., Baskin L.M., Gubar Y.P., Piquer-Rodriguez M., Keuler N.S., Radeloff V.C. Rapid Declines of Large Mammal Populations After the Collapse of the Soviet Union. Conservation Biology, 2015, vol. 29, issue 3, pp. 844–853. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12450 8. Byerlee D., Deininger K. Growing Resource Scarcity and Global Farmland Investment. Annual Review of Resource Economies, 2013, vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 13–34. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151849 9. Cramer V.A., Hobbs R.J., Standish R.J. What’s New about Old Fields? Land Abandonment and Ecosystem Assembly. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2008, vol. 23, issue 2, pp. 104–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.005 10. Deininger K., Byerlee D., Lindsay J., Norton A., Selod H., Stickler M. Rising Global Interest in Farmland: Can It Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits? Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2011, 214 p. DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8591-3 11. De Beurs K.M., Ioffe G. Use of Landsat and MODIS Data to Remotely Estimate Russia’s Sown Area. Journal of Land Use Science, 2014, vol. 9, issue 4, pp. 377–401. DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2013.798038 12. Dronin N., Kirilenko A. Climate Change and Food Stress in Russia: What if the Market Transforms as It Did During the Past Century? Climatic Change, 2008, vol. 86, issue 1–2, pp. 123–150. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-007-9282-z 13. Dronin N., Kirilenko A. Climate Change, Food Stress, and Security in Russia. Regional Environmental Change, 2011, vol. 11, issue 1, Supplement, pp. 167–178. DOI: 10.1007/s10113-010-0165-x 14. Eitelberg D.A., Vliet J., Verburg P.H. A Review of Global Potentially Available Cropland Estimates and their Consequences for Model-Based Assessments. Global Change Biology, 2015, vol. 21, issue 3, pp. 1236–1248. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12733 15. Elhorst J.P. Spatial Econometrics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, 119 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40340-8 16. Ericsson S., Ostlund L., Axelsson A.L. A Forest of Grazing and Logging: Deforestation and Reforestation History of a Boreal Landscape in Central Sweden. New Forests, 2000, vol. 19, issue 3, pp. 227–240. DOI: 10.1023/A:1006673312465 17. Estel S., Kuemmerle T., Alcantara C., Levers C., Prishchepov A., Hostert P. Mapping Farmland Abandonment and Recultivation across Europe using MODIS NDVI Time Series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015, vol. 163, pp. 312–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.028 18. FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2), 2012. 19. FAO. FAOSTAT. 2015. Available at: http://faostat3.fao.org (accessed April 2016). 20. Fellmann T., Helaine S., Nekhay O. Harvest Failures, Temporary Export Restrictions and Global food Security: The Example of Limited Grain Exports from Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Food Security, 2014, vol. 6, issue 5, pp. 727–742. DOI: 10.1007/s12571-014-0372-2 21. Fischer J., Hartel T., Kuemmerle T. Conservation Policy in Traditional Farming Landscapes. Conservation Letters, 2012, vol. 5, issue 3, pp. 167–175. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00227.x 22. Garrett R.D., Lambin E.F., Naylor R.L. The New Economic Geography of Land Use Change: Supply Chain Configurations and Land Use in the Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy, 2013, vol. 34, pp. 265–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.03.011 23. Gasparri N., Kuemmerle T., Meyfroidt P., Le Polain de Waroux Y., Kreft H. The Emerging Soybean Production Frontier in Southern Africa: Conservation Challenges and the Role of South-South Telecouplings. Conservation Letters, 2016, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 21–31. DOI: 10.1111/conl.12173 24. Gellrich M., Baur P., Koch B., Zimmermann N.E. Agricultural Land Abandonment and Natural Forest Re-Growth in the Swiss Mountains: A Spatially Explicit Economic Analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007, vol. 118, issue 1–4, pp. 93–108. DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.001. 25. Gerry C.J., Nivorozhkin E., Rigg J.A. The Great Divide: «Ruralisation» of Poverty in Russia. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2008, vol. 32, issue 4, pp. 593–607. DOI: 10.1093/cje/bem052 26. Gibbs H.K., Rausch L., Munger J., Schelly I., Morton D.C., Noojipady P., Soares-Filho B., Barreto P., Micol L., Walker N.F. Brazil’s Soy Moratorium. Science, 2015, vol. 347, issue 6220, pp. 377–378. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0181 27. Godfray H.C.J., Crute I.R., Haddad L., Lawrence D., Muir J.F., Nisbett N., Pretty J., Robinson S., Toulmin C., Whiteley R. The Future of the Global food System. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 2010, vol. 365, issue 1554, pp. 2769–2777. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0180 28. Gotz L., Glauben T., Brummer B. Wheat Export Restrictions and Domestic Market Effects in Russia and Ukraine During the Food Crisis. Food Policy, 2013, vol. 38, pp. 214–226. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.12.001 29. Griffiths P., Muller D., Kuemmerle T., Hostert P. Agricultural Land Change in the Carpathian Ecoregion After the Breakdown of Socialism and Expansion of the European Union. Environmental Research Letters, 2013, vol. 8, issue 4. 045024. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045024 30. Hale H. Explaining Machine Politics in Russia’s Regions: Economy, Ethnicity, and Legacy. Post-Soviet Affairs, 2003, vol. 19, issue 3, pp. 228–263. DOI: 10.2747/1060-586X.19.3.228 31. Hatna E., Bakker M.M. Abandonment and Expansion of Arable Land in Europe. Ecosystems, 2011, vol. 14, issue 5, pp. 720–731. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-011-9441-y 32. Henle K., Alard D., Clitherow J., Cobb P., Firbank L., Kull T., McCracken D., Moritz R.F.A., Niemela J., Rebane M., Wascher D., Watt A., Young J. Identifying and Managing the Conflicts between Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation in Europe – A Review. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2008, vol. 124, issue 1–2, pp. 60–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2007.09.005 33. Ioffe G., Nefedova T., de Beurs K. Agrarian Transformation in the Russian Breadbasket: Contemporary Trends as Manifest in Stavropol’. Post-Soviet Affairs, 2014, vol. 30, issue 6, pp. 441–463. DOI: 10.1080/1060586X.2013.858509 34. Ioffe G., Nefedova T. Marginal Farmland in European Russia. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2004, vol. 45, issue 1, pp. 45–59. DOI: 10.2747/1538-7216.45.1.45 35. Ioffe G., Nefedova T., de Beurs K. Land Abandonment in Russia. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2012, vol. 53, issue 4, pp. 527–549. DOI: 10.2747/1539-7216.53.4.527 36. Ioffe G., Nefedova T., Zaslavsky I. From Spatial Continuity to Fragmentation: The Case of Russian Farming. Annals of Association of American Geographers, 2004, vol. 94, issue 4, pp. 913–943. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.00441.x 37. Iwanski T. Ukrainian Economy Overshadowed by War. OSW Analyses, 2014, 17 September, vol. 148, 7 p. 38. Jantz P., Goetz S., Laporte N. Carbon Stock Corridors to Mitigate Climate Change and Promote Biodiversity in the Tropics. Nature Climate Change, 2014, vol. 4, issue 2, pp. 138–142. DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2105 39. Joppa L.N., Pfaff A. High and Far: Biases in the Location of Protected Areas. PLoS ONE, 2009, vol. 4, e8273. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008273 40. Kamp J., Urazaliev R., Donald P.F., Holzel N. Post-Soviet Agricultural Change Predicts Future Declines After Recent Recovery in Eurasian Steppe Bird Populations. Biological Conservation, 2011, vol. 144, issue 11, pp. 2607–2614. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.07.010 41. Kastner T., Erb K.H., Haberl H. Global Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production for Biomass Consumption in the European Union, 1986–2007. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2015, vol. 19, issue 5, pp. 825–836. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12238 42. KAZSTAT. Agency of Statistics of Kazakhstan. Astana, 2014. Available at: http://stat.gov.kz (accessed December 2015). 43. Kelley C.P., Mohtadi S., Cane M.A., Seager R., Kushnir Y. Climate Change in the Fertile Crescent and Implications of the Recent Syrian Drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 2015, vol. 112, issue 11, pp. 3241–3246. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421533112 44. Kontorovich V. The Russian Health Crisis and the Economy. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2001, vol. 34, issue 2, pp. 221–240. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-067X(01)00003-4 45. Kraemer R., Prishchepov A.V., Muller D., Kuemmerle T., Radeloff V.C., Dara A., Terekhov A., Fruhauf M. Long-Term Agricultural Land-Cover Change and Potential for Cropland Expansion in the Former Virgin Lands Area of Kazakhstan. Environmental Research Letters, 2015, vol. 10, no. 5, 054012. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054012 46. Kristensen L.S., Thenail C., Kristensen S.P. Landscape Changes in Agrarian Landscapes in the 1990s: The Interaction between Farmers and the Farmed Landscape. A Case Study from Jutland, Denmark. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004, vol. 71, issue 3, pp. 231–244. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.03.003 47. Kuemmerle T., Kaplan J.O., Prishchepov A.V., Rylskyy I., Chaskovskyy O., Tikunov V.S., Muller D. Forest Transitions in Eastern Europe and their Effects on Carbon Budgets. Global Change Biology, 2015, vol. 21, issue 8, pp. 3049–3061. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12897 48. Kurganova I., Lopes de Gerenyu V., Six J., Kuzyakov Y. Carbon Cost of Collective Farming Collapse in Russia. Global Change Biology, 2014, vol. 20, issue 3, pp. 938–947. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12379 49. Lambin E.F., Gibbs H.K., Ferreira L., Grau R., Mayaux P., Meyfroidt P., Morton D.C., Rudel T.K., Gasparri I., Munger J. Estimating the World’s Potentially Available Cropland Using a Bottom-up Approach. Global Environmental Change, 2013, vol. 23, issue 5, pp. 892–901. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.005 50. Lambin E.F., Meyfroidt P. Global Land Use Change, Economic Globalization, and the Looming Land Scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, vol. 108, issue 9, pp. 3465–3472. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100480108 51. Lambin E.F., Meyfroidt P., Rueda X., Blackman A., Borner J., Cerutti P.O., Dietsch T., Jungmann L., Lamarque P., Lister J., Walker N.F., Wunder S. Effectiveness and Synergies of Private and Public Actions for Land Use Governance in Tropical Regions. Global Environmental Change, 2014, vol. 28, pp. 129–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.007 52. Lehmann C.E.R. Savannas Need Protection. Science, 2010, vol. 327, issue 5966, pp. 642–643. DOI: 10.1126/science.327.5966.642-c 53. Lioubimtseva E., de Beurs K.M., Henebry G.M. Grain Production Trends in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan in the Context of the Global Climate Variability and Change. Climate Change and Water Resources. Edited by T. Younos, C.A. Grady. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013, pp. 121–141. DOI: 10.1007/698_2013_225 54. MacDonald D., Crabtree J.R., Wiesinger G., Dax T., Stamou N., Fleury P., Lazpita J.G., Gibon A. Agricultural Abandonment in Mountain Areas of Europe: Environmental Consequences and Policy Response. Journal of Environmental Management, 2000, vol. 59, issue 1, pp. 47–69. DOI: 10.1006/jema.1999.0335 55. MacDonald G.K., Brauman K.A., Sun S., Carlson K.M., Cassidy E.S., Gerber J.S., West P.C. Rethinking Agricultural Trade Relationships in an Era of Globalization. BioScience, 2015, vol. 65, issue 3, pp. 275–289. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu225 56. Malhi Y., Baldocchi D.D., Jarvis P.G. The Carbon Balance of Tropical, Temperate and Boreal Forests. Plant, Cell & Environment, 1999, vol. 22, issue 6, pp. 715–740. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00453.x 57. Meyfroidt P., Carlson K.M., Fagan M.E., Gutierrez-Velez V.H., Macedo M.N., Curran L.M., DeFries R.S., Dyer G.A., Gibbs H.K., Lambin E.F., Morton D.C., Robiglio V. Multiple Pathways of Commodity Crop Expansion in Tropical Forest Landscapes. Environmental Research Letters, 2014, vol. 9, 074012. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/074012 58. Meyfroidt P., Lambin E.F. Global Forest Transition: Prospects for an End to Deforestation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2011, vol. 36, issue 1, pp. 343–371. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-090710-143732 59. Meyfroidt P., Rudel T.K., Lambin E.F. Forest Transitions, Trade, and the Global Displacement of Land Use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 2010, vol. 107, issue 49, pp. 20917–20922. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014773107 60. Mikulcak F., Haider J.L., Abson D.J., Newig J., Fischer J. Applying a Capitals Approach to Understand Rural Development Traps: A Case Study from Post-Socialist Romania. Land Use Policy, 2015, vol. 43, pp. 248–258. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.10.024 61. Millo G., Piras G. SPLM: Spatial Panel Data Models in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 2012, vol. 47, issue 1, pp. 1–38. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v047.i01 62. Moreira F., Russo D. Modelling the Impact of Agricultural Abandonment and Wildfires on Vertebrate Diversity in Mediterranean Europe. Landscape Ecology, 2007, vol. 22, issue 10, pp. 1461–1476. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-007-9125-3 63. Muller D., Leitao P.J., Sikor T. Comparing the Determinants of Cropland Abandonment in Albania and Romania Using Boosted Regression Trees. Agricultural Systems, 2013, vol. 117, pp. 66–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2012.12.010 64. Navarro L., Pereira H. Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe. Ecosystems, 2012, vol. 15, issue 6, pp. 900–912. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-012-9558-7 65. Nefedova T. Agricultural Land in Russia and its Dynamics. Regional Research of Russia, 2011, vol. 1, issue 3, pp. 292–295. DOI: 10.1134/S2079970511030099 66. Nefedova T. Agricultural Industry Concentration in Russian Regions. ECO – ECO, 2014, vol. 4, pp. 64–82. (In Russian) 67. OECD. Review of Agricultural Policies: Kazakhstan 2013, 248 p. DOI: 10.1787/9789264191761-en 68. Olson D.M., Dinerstein E. The Global 200: A Representation Approach to Conserving the Earth’s Most Biologically Valuable Ecoregions. Conservation Biology, 1998, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 502–515. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.012003502.x 69. Pan Y., Birdsey R.A., Fang J., Houghton R., Kauppi P.E., Kurz W.A., et al. A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests. Science, 2011, vol. 333, issue 6045, pp. 988–993. DOI: 10.1126/science.1201609 70. Penov I. The Use of Irrigation Water in Bulgaria’s Plovdiv Region During Transition. Environmental Management, 2004, vol. 34, issue 2, pp. 304–313. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-004-0019-8 71. Petrick M., Wandel J., Karsten K. Rediscovering the Virgin Lands: Agricultural Investment and Rural Livelihoods in a Eurasian Frontier Area. World Development, 2013, vol. 43, pp. 164–179. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.09.015 72. Piesse J., Thirtle C. Three Bubbles and a Panic: An Explanatory Review of Recent Food Commodity Price Events. Food Policy, 2009, vol. 34, issue 2, pp. 119–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.01.001 73. Piquer-Rodriguez M., Kuemmerle T., Alcaraz-Segura D., Zurita-Milla R., Cabello J. Future Land Use Effects on the Connectivity of Protected Area Networks in Southeastern Spain. Journal for Nature Conservation, 2012, vol. 20, issue 6, pp. 326–336. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2012.07.001 74. Plieninger T., Hui C., Gaertner M., Huntsinger L. The Impact of Land Abandonment on Species Richness and Abundance in the Mediterranean Basin: 75. A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 2014, vol. 9, issue 5, e.98355. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098355 76. Potapov P., Yaroshenko A., Turubanova S., Dubinin M., Laestadius L., Thies C., Aksenov D., Egorov A., Yesipova Y., Glushkov I., Karpachevskiy M., Kostikova A., Manisha A., Tsybikova E., Zhuravleva I. Mapping the World’s Intact Forest Landscapes by Remote Sensing. Ecology and Society, 2008, vol. 13. No. 2. 77. Potapov P.V., Turubanova S.A., Tyukavina A., Krylov A.M., McCarty J.L., Radeloff V.C., Hansen M.C. Eastern Europe’s Forest Cover Dynamics from 1985 to 2012 Quantified from the Full Landsat Archive. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015, vol. 159, pp. 28–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.11.027 78. Prishchepov A.V., Radeloff V.C., Baumann M., Kuemmerle T., Muller D. Effects of Institutional Changes on Land Use: Agricultural Land Abandonment During the Transition from State-Command to Market-Driven Economies in Post-Soviet Eastern Europe. Environmental Research Letters, 2012, vol. 7, 024021. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024021 79. Prishchepov A.V., Muller D., Dubinin M., Baumann M., Radeloff V.C. Determinants of Agricultural Land Abandonment in Post-Soviet European Russia. Land Use Policy, 2013, vol. 30, issue 1, pp. 873–884. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.06.011 80. Queiroz C., Beilin R., Folke C., Lindborg R. Farmland Abandonment: Threat or Opportunity for Biodiversity Conservation? A Global Review. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2014, vol. 12, issue 5, pp. 288–296. DOI: 10.1890/120348 81. Ramankutty N., Heller E., Rhemtulla J. Prevailing Myths About Agricultural Abandonment and Forest Regrowth in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2010, vol. 100, issue 3, pp. 502–512. DOI: 10.1080/00045601003788876 82. Rey Benayas J.M. Abandonment of Agricultural Land: An Overview of Drivers and Consequences. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2007, vol. 2, issue 057. DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20072057 83. ROSSTAT. Russian Federation Federal State Statistics Service. Moscow, 2014. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/en/main (accessed December 2015). 84. Rozelle S., Swinnen J.F. Success and Failure of Reform: Insights from the Transition of Agriculture. Journal of Economic Literature, 2004, vol. 42, issue 2, pp. 404–456. DOI: 10.1257/0022051041409048 85. Ruiz-Flano P., Garcia-Ruiz J.M., Ortigosa L. Geomorphological Evolution of Abandoned Fields. A Case Study in the Central Pyrenees. Catena, 1992, vol. 19, issue 3–4, pp. 301–308. DOI: 10.1016/0341-8162(92)90004-U 86. Saatchi S.S., Harris N.L., Brown S., Lefsky M., Mitchard E.T., Salas W., et al. Benchmark Map of Forest Carbon Stocks in Tropical Regions Across Three Continents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, vol. 108, issue 24, pp. 9899–9904. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019576108 87. Searchinger T.D., Estes L., Thornton P.K., Beringer T., Notenbaert A., Rubenstein D., Heimlich D., Licker R., Herrero M. High Carbon and Biodiversity Costs from Converting Africa‘s Wet Savannahs to Cropland. Nature Climate Change, 2015, vol. 5, issue 5, pp. 481–486. DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2584 88. Schierhorn F., Muller D., Beringer T., Prishchepov A.V., Kuemmerle T., Balmann A. Post-Soviet Cropland Abandonment and Carbon Sequestration in European Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus: Abandonment and Carb on Sequestration. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2013, vol. 27, issue 4, pp. 1175–1185. DOI: 10.1002/2013GB004654 89. Schierhorn F., Muller D., Prishchepov A.V., Faramarzi M., Balmann A. The Potential of Russia to Increase its Wheat Production Through Cropland Expansion and Intensification. Global Food Security, 2014, vol. 3, issue 3–4, pp. 133–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2014.10.007 90. Schierhorn F., Faramarzi M., Prishchepov A.V., Koch F.J., Muller D. Quantifying Yield Gaps in Wheat Production in Russia. Environmental Research Letters, 2014, vol. 9, issue 8, 084017. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084017 91. Schierhorn F., Gittelson A.K., Muller D. How the Collapse of the Beef Sector in Post-Soviet Russia Displaced Competition for Ecosystem Services to the Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Competition: Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives. Edited by J. Niewohner, A. Bruns, P. Hostert, T. Kruger, J.O. Nielsen, H. Haberl, C. Lauk, J. Lutz, D. Muller. Springer, Dordrecht, 2016. (Forthcoming). 92. Shorohova E., Kuuluvainen T., Kangur A., Jogiste K. Natural Stand Structures, Disturbance Regimes and Successional Dynamics in the Eurasian Boreal Forests: A Review with Special Reference to Russian Studies. Annals of Forest Science, 2009, vol. 66, issue 2, pp. 1–20. DOI:10.1051/forest/2008083. 93. Sieber A., Kuemmerle T., Prishchepov A.V., Wendland K.J., Baumann M., Radeloff V.C., Baskin L.M., Hostert P. Landsat-Based Mapping of Post-Soviet Land-Use Change to Assess the Effectiveness of the Oksky and Mordovsky Protected Areas in European Russia. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013, vol. 133, pp. 38–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2013.01.021 94. Stanchi S., Freppaz M., Agnelli A., Reinsch T., Zanini E. Properties, Best Management Practices and Conservation of Terraced Soils in Southern Europe (from Mediterranean Areas to the Alps): A Review. Quaternary International, 2012, vol. 265, pp. 90–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.09.015 95. Stefanski J., Kuemmerle T., Chaskovskyy O., Griffiths P., Havryluk V., Knorn J., et al. Mapping Land Management Regimes in Western Ukraine Using Optical and SAR Data. Remote Sensing, 2014, vol. 6, issue 6, pp. 5279–5305. DOI: 10.3390/rs6065279 96. Stellmes M., Roder A., Udelhoven T., Hill J. Mapping Syndromes of Land Change in Spain with Remote Sensing Time Series, Demographic and Climatic Data. Land Use Policy, 2013, vol. 30, issue 1, pp. 685–702. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.05.007 97. UKRSTAT. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kiev, 2014. Available at: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua (accessed December 2015). 98. Van der Sluis T., Pedroli B., Kristensen S.B., Cosor G.L., Pavlis E. Changing Land Use Intensity in Europe – Recent Processes in Selected Case Studies. Land Use Policy, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.12.005 99. Van Doorn A.M., Bakker M.M. The Destination of Arable Land in a Marginal Agricultural Landscape in South Portugal: An Exploration of Land use Change Determinants. Landscape Ecology, 2007, vol. 22, issue 7, pp. 1073–1087. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-007-9093-7 100. Vanwambeke S.O., Meyfroidt P., Nikodemus O. From USSR to EU: 20 Years of Rural Landscape Changes in Vidzeme, Latvia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2012, vol. 105, issue 3, pp. 241–249. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.12.009 101. Verburg P.H., Ellis E.C., Letourneau A. A Global Assessment of Market Accessibility and Market Influence for Global Environmental Change Studies. Environmental Research Letters, 2011, vol. 6, 034019. DOI: 102. 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034019. 103. Visser O., Spoor M. Land Grabbing in Post-Soviet Eurasia: The World’s Largest Agricultural Land Reserves at Stake. Journal of Peasant Studies, 2011, pp. 299–323, vol. 38, issue 2. DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2011.559010 104. Wegren S.K. Human Capital and Russia’s Agricultural Future. Post-Communist Economies, 2014, vol. 26, issue 4, pp. 537–544. DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2014.964467 105. Wegren S.K. Russia’s Food Embargo. Russian Analytical Digest, 2014, vol. 157, pp. 8–12. |
| Financing | |
| Date |