Scientific Journal SPATIAL ECONOMICS - Uneven and Structurally Diverse Spatial Development of Economy as a Scientific Problem and Russian Reality

In the section	Articles
Title of the article	Uneven and Structurally Diverse Spatial Development of Economy as a Scientific Problem and Russian Reality
Pages	13-35
Author	Andrei Ilyich Treyvish Doctor of Sciences (Geography), Chief Research Fellow Institute of Geography RAS 29 Staromonetnyy Pereulok, Moscow, 119017, Russian Federation This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ORCID: 0000-0002-6687-577X
Abstract	The author attempted to analyze unevenness and diversity in general and specifically for spatial economic development, based on global, Russian, and regional examples. Unevenness and diversity in spatial economics could represent not fully independent, but nonetheless different phenomena and definitions. The diversity could include unevenness as a special case but is mostly associated with the contrasts of relatively qualitative nature, including structural contrasts. Unevenness is born from diversity and, in turn, generates more diversity. Different combinations of the two phenomena can and do exist, including in Russia. Plainly speaking, unevenness is diverse, and diversity is uneven. The article emphasizes major structural types, the dynamics of which determined the direction of the shifts in the territorial-sectoral structure of the GRP (GVA) and employment in Russia. The most significant of them was the shift from basically industrial structures to basically service ones, which is not unusual but is complicated by crisis and other deviations from the trend. It wasn’t particularly logical: it affected the center, the periphery, was accompanied by simplification and complication of economic structures. The industrial sector is the great loser in sectoral diversity and complexity of regional structures, combined with the growing concentration of production, meaning its unevenness, among Russian regions and with the leveling in the context of large parts of the country thanks to the shift to the East. In general Russia isn’t excluded from the general trend of structural transformation of the economy, typical for large countries of the global semi-periphery; these trends endure in spite of all fluctuations and failures.
Code	308+332+338+910
JEL	O14, O50, R11, Z13
DOI	https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2019.4.013-035
Keywords	unevenness ♦ diversity ♦ territorial-sectoral structure of the economy ♦ sector ♦ spatial development ♦ shift ♦ region ♦ Russia
Download	SE.2019.4.013-035.Тreyvish.pdf
For citation	Treyvish A.I. Uneven and structurally diverse spatial development of economy as a scientific problem and Russian reality. Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika = Spatial Economics, 2019, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 13–35. https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2019.4.013-035. (In Russian).
References	1. Аbout Production and Use of the National Income (Net Production) in the Russian Federation for 1990. Moscow, 1991, 33 p. (In Russian). 2. Braudel F. Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century. Vol. 1. The Structure of Everyday Life: The Limits of the Possible. Moscow, 2006, 592 p. (In Russian). 3. Braudel F. The Identity of France. Vol. 1. History and Environment. Moscow, 1994, 405 p. (In Russian). 4. Clark C. The Conditions of Economic Progress. London: Macmillan, 1940, 504 p. 5. Desjardins J. 2,000 Years of Economic History in One Chart. Visual Capitalist, 2017, 8 September. Available at: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/2000-years-economic-history-one-chart/ (accessed August 2018). 6. Economic Activity of the Russian Population (Based on the Results of Sample Surveys). 2002. Federal State Statistics Service. Moscow, 2002, 190 p. (In Russian). 7. Employment by Sector – ILO Modelled Estimates. Ilostat, 2018, November. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/ilostat/ (accessed August 2018). 8. Fet А.А. From a Village. Zarya [Dawn], 1871, no. 6, pp. 3–86. (In Russian). 9. Fisher A. Production, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The Economic Record, 1939, vol. 15, no 1, pp. 24–38. 10. Gorkin A.P. Territorial and Organizational Structure of Industry. Territorial and Industrial Structure of the Country’s Industry. Socio-Economic Geography: A Thesaurus of Concepts and Terminology. Smolensk, 2013, pp. 256–257. (In Russian). 11. Gritsai O.V., Ioffe G.V., Treivish A.I. Centre and Periphery in Regional Development. Moscow, 1991, 167 p. (In Russian). 12. Gromyko G.L. Theory of Statistics: А Textbook. 2nd Ed. Moscow, 2005, 476 p. (In Russian). 13. Labor Force, Employment and Unemployment in Russia (Based on the Results of Sample Labor Force Surveys). 2018. Rosstat. Moscow, 2018, 42 p. (In Russian). 14. Lenin V.I. On the Food Tax. Complete works. 5th Ed. Moscow, 1967, vol. 43, pp. 207–247. (In Russian). 15. Majid N. The Great Employment Transformation in China. International Labour Office, Employment Policy Department, Employment and Labour Market Policies Branch. Working Paper. No. 195, Geneva: ILO, 2015, 63 p. 16. Mendeleev D.I. To the Knowledge of Russia. Saint-Petersburg, 1906, 161 p. (In Russian). 17. Mikheeva N.N. Structural Factors of Regional Dynamics: Measuring and Assessment. Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika = Spatial Economics, 2013, no. 1, pp. 11–32. https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2013.1.011- 032 (In Russian). 18. Milanovich B. Global Inequality: From Class to Location, from Proletarians to Migrants. Ekonomicheskaya Politika = Economic Policy, 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 14–26. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.18288/1994-5124-2016-1-02 (In Russian). 19. National Accounts – Analysis of Main Aggregates (AMA), Basic Data Selection (data for 1970–2017). UNSTATS, 2018. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Basic (accessed August 2018). 20. Okun A.М. Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1975, 124 p. 21. Openshaw S. The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem. Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, no. 38. Norwich: Geobooks, 1984, 86 p. 22. Ortiz-Ospina E., Lippolis N. Structural Transformation: How Did Today’s Rich Countries Become ‘Deindustrialized’? Our World in Data, 2017, 26 May. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/structural-transformation-and-deindustrialization-evidence-from-todays-rich-countries (accessed August 2018). 23. Pulyarkin V.A. Local Civilizations in Time and Space. Moscow, 2005, 536 p. (In Russian). 24. Regions of Russia. Federal State Statistics Service. Moscow, 1999, 861 p. (In Russian). 25. Regions of Russia. Socio-Economic Indicators. 2001–2018. Federal State Statistics Service. Available at: https://gks.ru/folder/210/document/13204 (accessed October 2019) (In Russian). 26. Russian Statistical Yearbook. 1999–2018. Federal State Statistics Service. Moscow, 1999–2018. Available at: https://www.gks.ru/folder/210/document/12994 (accessed October 2019) (In Russian). 27. Shevchuk E.I., Kirillov P.L., Petrosyan A.N. The Problem of Data Generalization in Studies of Spatial Heterogeneity of Socio-Economic Phenomena at Different Scale Levels. Regionalnye Issledovaniya [Regional Researches], 2019, no. 3 (In Print). (In Russian). 28. Territorial Structure of the Economy of the Old Developed Areas. Edited by G.A. Privalovskaya, S.A. Tarkhov. Moscow, 1995, 181 p. (In Russian). 29. Treivish A.I. City, Region, Country and the World: Development of Russia Viewed by a Regional Geographer. Moscow, 2009, 372 p. (In Russian). 30. Wallerstein I. The Capitalist World-Economy. Cambridge: University Press, 1979, 305 p.
Financing	The study was conducted as part of the scientific research for the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences ‘Problems and prospects of the territorial develop-ment of Russia in the conditions of its unevenness and global instability’ (No. 0148-2019-0008)